Optimization and validation of a highly sensitive method for determining glyphosate in human urine by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: a methodological study

Table 1 Analytical methods for detecting glyphosate in human urine samples

References	Sample preparation	Instrument for separation analysis	Limit of detection (μg/L)
Acquavella et al. [15]	Solid-phase extraction, derivatization	HPLC	1
Biagini et al. [16]	Derivatization	FCMIA	0.9
Curwin et al. [17]	Derivatization	FCMIA	0.9
Jayasumana et al. [12]		ELISA	0.6
Jensen et al. [18]	Dilution of urine	LC-MS/MS (ESI)	0.023
Connolly et al. [14]	Solid-phase extraction	LC-MS/MS (ESI)	0.5
Conrad et al. [10]	Derivatization	GC-MS/MS (NCI)	0.1 (LLOQ)

HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography, FCMIA fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, LC liquid chromatography, GC gas chromatography, MS mass spectrometry, ESI electrospray ionization, NCI negative chemical ionization, LLOQ lower limit of quantification

ISSN: 1347-4715